Technology

  Sialkot is a city in  Punjab , Pakistan. It is the capital city of  Sialkot District . It is Pakistan's  13th most populous city  and is located in north-east Punjab—one of Pakistan's most industrialized regions. Along with the nearby cities of  Gujranwala  and  Gujrat , Sialkot forms part of the so-called "Golden Triangle" of industrial cities with export-oriented economies. Through exports, Sialkot-based industries are obtaining foreign exchange to more than $2.5 billion annually to strengthen the national exchequer. Sialkot is believed to be the site of ancient  Sagala , a city razed by  Alexander the Great  in 326 BCE, and then made capital of the  Indo-Greek  kingdom by  Menander I  in the 2nd century BCE—a time during which the city greatly prospered as a major center for trade and  Buddhist thought . Sialkot continued to be a major political center, until it was eclipsed by  Lahore...

New Zealand   island country  in the southwestern  Pacific Ocean . It consists of two main landmasses, the  North Island & the  South Island and more than 700  smaller islands , covering a total area of 268,021 square km. New Zealand is about 2,000 km east of  Australia  across the  Tasman Sea  and 1,000 km south of the islands of  New Caledonia ,  Fiji , and  Tonga . The country's varied topography and sharp mountain peaks, including the  Southern Alps , owe much to  tectonic uplift  and volcanic eruptions. New Zealand's  capital city  is  Wellington , and its most populous city is  Auckland . Owing to their remoteness, the islands of New Zealand were the last large habitable lands to be settled by humans. Between about 1280 and 1350,  Polynesians  began to settle in the islands and then developed a distinctive  Māori culture . In 1642, the Dutch explorer  Abe...

Wastewater has such a large impact on the ecosystem, it is important to handle it correctly. Cleaning wastewater not only protects the species that dwell there, but it also saves the globe as a whole (Bashir, Aslam, Niazi, Khan, & Chen, 2021) . Our own country is ranked 80th out of 122 countries for 'water quality,' and water-borne disease is the leading cause of mortality (Cheng et al., 2020) . Millions of people in world are effected by polluted water. Human health is being jeopardized as a result of water pollution caused by textile industry waste effluents (Chowdhary, Bharagava, Mishra, & Khan, 2020) . Waste water with organic dyes not only smells bad, but it also poses a harm to  aquatic life and human life (Tkaczyk, Mitrowska, & Posyniak, 2020) . The presence of such aromatic & azo dye pollutants in water lowers oxygen solubility and sunlight penetration, affecting marine life photosynthetic process (Gálvez, 2020) . Contamination due to organic dyes  is n...

Colors are vital and fundamental parts of our everyday life, and these are used in almost every industry. Organic dyes having enduring color & malodorous are a significant source of environmental pollution due to their high toxicity to aquatic life and lethal carcinogenic effect on living organisms. Reticular chemistry makes a difference in adsorption of organic dyes by giving concept of wonderful compounds like Reticular Metal organic frameworks MOFs. MOF topology such as 1 dimensional, 2 dimensional, three dimensional is destined to play a crucial role in the removal of organic dyes from water as a cost-effective and environmentally conferring material MOFs has revealed the incredible plasticity of metal-ligand interaction in the creation of novel compounds with intriguing structures and characteristics. MOFs made out of organic carboxylates coupled to multi-metallic cluster are structurally sinewy and flaunt permanent porosity. Precision organic reactions and metal complexati...

Pigments and dyes are vital and fundamental parts of our everyday life, and these are used in almost every industry. Organic dyes having enduring color & malodorous are a significant source of environmental pollution due to their high toxicity to aquatic life and lethal carcinogenic effect on living organisms . Reticular chemistry makes a difference in the adsorption of organic dyes by giving the concept of wonderful compounds like reticular Metal-organic frameworks MOFs. MOFs topology such as 1 dimensional, 2 dimensional & three dimensional is destined to play a crucial role in the removal of organic dyes from water. As a cost-effective and environmentally conferring material. MOFs have revealed the incredible plasticity of metal-ligand interaction in the creation of novel compounds with intriguing structures and characteristics. MOFs synthesized from organic carboxylates coupled to the multi-metallic cluster are structurally strong and exhibit permanent porosity. Precision ...

Chapter # 5, Loop Control Structure Lab Activities Q7. A class of 20 students takes an examination in which marks range from 1 to 100. Write a program to print the number of students passed and failed. Passing marks are 33.   Program: #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> int main(int) { int n, m, pcount=0, fcount=0; printf(“\nEnter marks of 20 students: “); for(n=1; n<=20; n++) { printf(“\nstudents%d=”,m); scanf(“%d”, &sum); if(m>=33) pcount=pcount + 1; else fcount =fcount +1; } printf(“\nNumber of passed students%d”, pcount); printf(“\nNumber of fail students%d”, fcount); getch(); }   Q8. Write a program that prints a line of 60 asterisks (*) using do while loop. Program: #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> int main(int) { int n; n=1 do { printf(“ * ”); n=n+1; for(n=1; n<=20; n++) { While(n<=60); getch(); } Output: *************************************** ...

Chapter # 5, Loop Control Structure Lab Activities Q5. Write a program that reads a number and prints its table using while loop. Program: #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> int main(int) { int n, j,1; printf(“\nEnter a number whose table is required: “); scanf(“%d”,n); { While(j<=10) Printf(“\n%d x %d = %d”, n, j, n*j); J=j*1 } getch(); } Output: Enter a number whose table is required:5 5   x   1   =   5 5   x   2   =   10 5   x   3   =   15 5   x   4   =   20 5   x   5   =   25 5   x   6   =   30 5   x   7   =   35 5   x   8   =   40 5   x   9   =   45 5   x   10   =   50 Q6. A class of 15 students takes an examination in which marks range from 1 to 100. Write a program to find and print the average marks.   ...

Chapter # 5, Loop Control Structure                              Lab Activities Q1. Write a program to print the sum of even numbers from 1 to 50. Program: #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> int main(int) { int n, sum = 0; for(n=2; n<=50; n=n+2) sum=sum+n; printf(“\nSum of even numbers from 1 to 50 is %d”, sum); getch(); } Output: Sum of even numbers from 1 to 50 is 650.   Q2. Write a program to print the given sequence of numbers using a loop on a single line.         5             10           15           20           25           30       ...

Topic: Programming in C Question 1: Describe the programming environment. Answer: Programming environment is the set of processes and programming tools used to develop computer programs. In the past programmers used various standalone programming tools for developing computer programs. These includes editor, compiler, linker, debugger, etc. Using separate programs provided a difficult and time consuming environment for creating a computer programs. Today programmers use IDE.   Question 2: What is integrated development environment? Answer: Most of the new programming languages use integrated development environment (IDE) to create, compile and run programs. IDE is computer software that brings all the processes and tools required for program development into one place. Today’s modern IDEs have user friendly graphical user interface(GUI).   Question 3: Describe the purpose of the main() function and the   body of main() function. Ans : Every C program must ...

Q1. Write the difference b/w syntax and semantic? Q2. Explain the difference b/w High level languages and low level languages?

Question 1: Write a note on Object oriented  programming(oops) Ans :  Object Orientated programming  (oops)refers to a programming method that  is based on object such as student, vehicle,  building, etc. Object Oriented Programming  Question 2: Describe the characteristics of high level languages. Ans:  High level languages have the following characteristics. These languages were developed to make computer  programming simple, easier and less prone to errors.  High level languages are not machine dependent.  They enable  programmers to write programs that are independent of a  particular type of computer. Programs written in high level languages must be translated  into machine languages by a compiler or interpreter. High level languages are highly structured. The process of finding and removing errors is very easy.

Question 1: Explain what is a  machine  language? Ans:   Programming language that is directly  understood by computer hardware is known  as machine language.  Machine language is associated with the  architecture of computer. Therefore program  written in machine language for one  computer will not work on another computer  because of design difference. Assembly language Question 2:  Write a note on Assembly Language. Ans:  Assembly language consists of symbolic  codes or abbreviation known as mnemonics.  It was developed to make computer programming easier than machine language.  The abbreviations used in assembly  language make it easier to learn and write  programs compared to machine language.  Some important character tics of assembly language are: Assembly language allow programmers to  have access to all the special features of  the computer they are using. Generally a program wri...

Question1: Explain what is const qualifier? Ans :  The const qualifier is used with a data type of  declaration to specify a constant value. Some examples of const qualifiers are: Const int COUNT=5; Const float PI=3.14; The same thing can also be achieved using #define  preprocessor as given below. #define COUNT 5 #define PI 3.14 In most of the situations there is no difference between  using define or const qualifier. The only difference is  define is a preprocessor directive that simply replaces a  symbol with a constant value throughout the program. The const qualifier declares a variable type and assigns  it a constant value. It has advantage at advance level of  programming in C language.

 Question 1: What is the use of Implicit typecasting? Ans: Implicit typecasting is performed automatically by the compiler without programmer’s intervention. In this type of casting the compiler converts all operands into the data type of the largest operand.  For example in the program given below, compiler converts the sum of two float numbers to an int.      #include< stdio.h      void main(void)      {                 float value 1 = 2.5;                float value 2 = 5.3;                int result;                result = value 1 + value 2;                printf(“Result: %d”, result);      }      Question 2: What is the use of explicit typecasting? Ans: Explicit typecasting...

Topic: Programming in Techniques Question 1. What is a computer program?  Ans: A computer program is a set of instruction written in a programming language to solve a particular problem and achieving specific results. Any task performed by a computer is control by a set of instructions that are executed by the microprocessor. Examples: Microsoft Windows, Ms. Excel etc Question 2: Write the difference between syntax and semantic? syntax and semantic

Question 1: What is  the use of type casting in C language? Ans:  Typecasting is a method to convert a variable from one data type to another data type during program execution. It makes a variable of one type to act line another type. For example, a variable of type int can act as a variable of type char using typecasting. Typecasting in c program For example, one  use for typecasting  is when there is need to produce  ASCII characters  for decimal codes (0 127). To do this,  the programmer  will need to use to typecast to print out the integer  variable as its character equivalent using for  specifier %c.

Question 1: Describe the data type of C language. Ans: Data Types Used in C Programs C Provides three main data types for variables,  that is. 1.  Integer. 2.  Floating point. 3.  Character. Question 2. What is integer data type? Give examples. Ans:   Integer variable declaration has the form: Type specifier Variable; For example: Int Sum; The declaration consists of the type name, int followed by the name of the variable, sum. All the variables used in a c program must be declared. Declaration of an integer variable can begin with the type qualifiers, short, long, unsigned or singed. Some examples are…. Integer data types used in c Question 3: Define what is floating point data type? Ans:   Floating point variables are used for storing floating point numbers. Floating point numbers are stored in memory in two parts. The first part is the mantissa and the second part is the exponent, Some examples of floating points variable declaration statement are: 1....