Wastewater

Wastewater has such a large impact on the ecosystem, it is important to handle it correctly. Cleaning wastewater not only protects the species that dwell there, but it also saves the globe as a whole(Bashir, Aslam, Niazi, Khan, & Chen, 2021). Our own country is ranked 80th out of 122 countries for 'water quality,' and water-borne disease is the leading cause of mortality(Cheng et al., 2020). Millions of people in world are effected by polluted water. Human health is being jeopardized as a result of water pollution caused by textile industry waste effluents (Chowdhary, Bharagava, Mishra, & Khan, 2020). Waste water with organic dyes not only smells bad, but it also poses a harm to  aquatic life and human life(Tkaczyk, Mitrowska, & Posyniak, 2020). The presence of such aromatic & azo dye pollutants in water lowers oxygen solubility and sunlight penetration, affecting marine life photosynthetic process(Gálvez, 2020). Contamination due to organic dyes  is not only one of the leading causes of illness, disease, and death throughout the world; it also contributes to a global decline in available drinkable water(Tkaczyk et al., 2020), putting the entire ecosystem in jeopardy. Dye-containing effluents are harmful to the environment because dyes pigments are mostly carcinogens. Eventually there comes immediate need to remove these organic dyes from water in suitable cost effective way. Water treatment technologies for eliminating organic dyes(Crini & Lichtfouse, 2019) from water include ion exchange, photochemical adsorption, coagulation, ozonation, ultrafiltration, precipitation, and membrane filtration(Bui, Chiemchaisri, Fujioka, & Varjani, 2019). However, these are costly in terms of energy consumption and operating costs, as well as for low concentrations of refractory organic pollution. Adsorption is non-destructive technique because of its simplicity, high efficiency, ease of operation, and cost-effectiveness (Siyal, Shamsuddin, Low, & Rabat, 2020) .

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